基于2000—2022年MOD13A1 NDVI数据计算内蒙古年最大植被覆盖度（FVC），了解内蒙古FVC时空分布状况及变化趋势，结合夜间灯光（NTL）和地表覆被数据，采用逐像元相关分析方法探究FVC对人类活动的响应模式。结果表明：（1） 内蒙古FVC空间分布总体表现为由东北至西南逐渐减小的趋势，FVC以改善为主，增速为0.0039·a^-1，大部分区域FVC变化表现为基本稳定（64.02%）和明显增加（31.64%），所有盟市年均FVC增长量均为正值；（2） FVC变化趋势主要表现为不显著变化，占比依次为：不显著变化（65.62%）、显著增加（17.36%）、极显著增加（13.43%）、显著减少（3.27%）和极显著减少（0.32%），显著减少和极显著减少的区域与新增建设用地在空间分布上存在较高的一致性；（3） 在人类活动空间范围，内蒙古大部分区域（79.67%）人类活动不会对FVC变化产生显著影响，12.80%的区域人类活动对FVC变化起着积极作用，地表覆被主要为城区周边的草地和耕地区域，只有7.53%的区域人类活动对FVC变化起着消极作用，主要分布在地表覆被为耕地、由耕地转为建设用地和新增工矿用地区域。

In the context of global climate change, the spatiotemporal characteristics of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) serve as a crucial indicator for assessing ecological environment quality in various regions. However, the specific spatiotemporal variations, change trends, and underlying mechanisms of FVC response to human activities in Inner Mongolia remain undefined. Bridging this knowledge gap is essential for understanding ecological management outcomes and providing a scientific basis for local ecological policies and spatial planning. Using MOD13A1 NDVI data, land cover data, and nighttime light data spanning from 2000 to 2022, we calculated the annual maximum fractional vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia and explored its spatiotemporal variations. Additionally, we illustrated the change trends in FVC. We conducted pixel-by-pixel correlation analysis to examine the response modes of FVC to human activities. Our findings reveal the following: (1) FVC distribution in Inner Mongolia demonstrated a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest, consistent with the overall precipitation changes in China. Notably, areas along the Yellow River, such as the Houtao Plain and the Qiantao Plain, exhibit relatively higher FVC due to abundant water resources and well-developed agriculture. Overall, FVC showed improvement with a growth rate of 0.0039·a^-1, remaining relatively stable in most areas (64.02%) and significantly increasing in 31.64% of the region, all prefecture-level cities showing a positive average annual growth. (2) Changing trends in FVC were predominantly nonsignificant (65.62%), followed by a significant increase (17.36%), an extremely significant increase (13.43%), a significant decrease (3.27%), and an extremely significant decrease (0.32%). Regions experiencing significant and highly significant reductions displayed a strong spatial correlation with newly developed construction land. (3) Regarding human activities in Inner Mongolia, most regions (79.67%) showed no significant influence on FVC changes. In 12.80% of the regions, human activities positively impacted FVC, primarily in grassland and arable land areas surrounding urban zones. Conversely, 7.53% of the regions demonstrated a negative impact of human activities on FVC, chiefly in areas undergoing land cover transitions from arable land to construction land and newly added industrial and mining zones. While most regions showed no significant correlation between FVC variation and human activities, this does undermine the impact of ecological protection policies implemented in China like the “Ecological Protection Red Line” and “Arable Land Red Line.” The effectiveness of these measures lies in preventing land type conversion, such as grassland and arable land to other categories. This not only maintains the stability of FVC within protected areas but also regulates the intensity of human activities. However, the outcomes of these measures are not adequately reflected in nighttime light data. Therefore, while nighttime light data partially reflect the influence of human activity intensity on FVC, its limitations must be fully recognized in the comprehensive evaluation of ecological protection policies.