草甸草原动态融雪过程与气象要素关系分析——以额尔古纳市为例
收稿日期: 2022-03-15
修回日期: 2022-06-21
网络出版日期: 2022-10-25
基金资助
内蒙古科技厅关键技术项目“基于融雪动态的内蒙古牧区雪灾时空滚动预警技术”(2021GG0019);西藏科技厅项目(XZ202102YD0012C)
Analysis of the relationship between the dynamic snowmelt process of meadow grassland and meteorological factors: Ergun City
Received date: 2022-03-15
Revised date: 2022-06-21
Online published: 2022-10-25
利用DSJ1型超声波雪深观测仪和同期气象观测数据,对2021年2—3月间发生在额尔古纳的1次融雪过程进行分析。结果表明:(1) 额尔古纳融雪速度呈现先慢后快的特点,缓慢融雪期融雪速率约为0.37 cm·d-1,快速融雪期融雪速率可达4.75 cm·d-1,每日的2:00—19:00是雪深下降的主要时段;(2) 气温与雪深之间存在线性相关关系,气温每升高1 ℃,积雪深度下降0.439 cm;当积雪深度在10 cm以上时,对雪深影响较为明显的气温区间为-11~5 ℃,且气温在0 ℃以上时,雪深与气温拟合趋势的斜率较大;(3) 主要融雪期和快速融雪期气温的滞后效应不同,在融雪期内,雪深与超前3 h气温的相关关系最为显著,其次是当前气温;在快速融雪期,雪深的变化幅度主要取决于超前1 h的气温,其次是超前2 h气温;风速与雪深的相关系数最小,且不存在滞后性;(4) 多气象因子综合作用是融雪期雪深变化的重要原因,但5 cm地温是影响雪深变化的主导因子。
桑婧 , 王迎宾 , 钱连红 , 王海梅 , 王淇玉 . 草甸草原动态融雪过程与气象要素关系分析——以额尔古纳市为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022 , 39(5) : 1428 -1436 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.08
The study of snow melt is of utmost importance in light of the increased global temperature and melting glaciers. The present study utilizes the ultrasonic snow depth measurement instrument, DSJ1, as well as meteorological observations from the same period, to analyze the snow melting process in Ergun from February-March, 2021. The results were as follows: (1) there is a sluggish snow melting period followed by a quick snow melting period in Ergun. During the slow snow melting season, the pace of snow melting on average was 0.37 cm·d-1 and could reach 4.75 cm·d-1 during the fast snow melting period. Every day between 2:00 and 19:00, the snow depth decreased at its lowest point. (2) As the temperature rose by 1 ℃, the snow depth decreased by 0.439 cm. When the snow depth was greater than 10 cm, the temperature range from -11 ℃ to 5 ℃ had a significant impact on snow depth, and the slope of the fitting trend between snow depth and temperature was greater when the temperature was above zero. (3) The temperature lag effect varied during the main and rapid snowmelt periods. The correlation between the current temperature and snow depth was the most significant factor during the rapid melting period. During the snow melt period, the change in snow depth depended primarily on the current temperature one hour ahead, followed by the temperature two hours ahead. Wind speed and direction were also critical factors. The correlation coefficient for snow depth was the lowest, and no hysteresis was evident. (4) The 5 cm ground temperature had the greatest influence on the variation in snow depth during the snow melt period in addition to the cumulative effect of multiple meteorological factors. Analysis of the law of snow melt in this paper will be followed by an in-depth analysis of the temperature change during snow melt, as well as the correlation between various meteorological factors and snow melt.
Key words: meadow grassland; dynamic snowmelt; meteorological factors
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