北极山地冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.13

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1205-1214.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.13

北极山地冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候的响应

王盼盼¹，李忠勤^1,2，王璞玉²，何海迪¹，梁鹏斌¹，牟建新¹

（1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州730070；2. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站，甘肃兰州730000

收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2020-06-20 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2020-12-16
作者简介:王盼盼（1994-），女，在读硕士研究生，从事冰川变化研究. E-mail: 850946864@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）(XDA20060201，XDA20020102)；国家自然科学基金项目(41761134093，41471058， 41771077)资助

Changes in the mass balance of Arctic Alpine glacier and its response to climate change

WANG Pan-pan¹, LI Zhong-qin^{1, 2}, WANG Pu-yu², HE Hai-di¹, LIANG Peng-bin¹, MU Jian-xin¹

(1. College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu,China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China)

Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2020-06-20 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-12-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冰川物质平衡作为表征气候变化的重要指标，通常被用来评估冰川对径流及海平面上升的贡献。本文采用世界冰川监测服务处（World Glacier Monitoring Service, WGMS）最新公布的物质平衡、平衡线高度及积累区面积比率资料，以北极地区具有长时间观测序列的23条冰川为研究对象，分析了北极山地冰川物质平衡状况及物质平衡与平衡线高度和积累区比率的关系。分析表明：（1）1960—2017年北极冰川厚度平均减薄14.8 m，俄罗斯北极减薄最小，为4.3 m，阿拉斯加地区减薄最严重，为27.7 m；（2）23条冰川中，仅Engabreen冰川平均物质平衡为正值，Kongsvegen冰川保持微弱的负平衡，其他21条冰川的物质平衡均处于较强的负平衡状态，北极冰川整体物质损失严重；（3）过去60 a，北极冰川物质平衡整体呈负平衡，20世纪90年代后期开始，冰川开始加速消融，损失速率从-128.2 mm·a^-1上升至-594 mm·a^-1；（4）物质平衡与平衡线高度呈负相关，与积累区比率呈正相关，相关性显著；（5）北极气温升高是冰川物质消融的主要原因，90年代之后气温大幅度升高造成同期冰川物质大量流失，降水量对物质平衡影响较小。

关键词: 冰川变化, 物质平衡, 平衡线高度, 山地冰川, 北极

Abstract: As an indicator of climate change, glacier mass balance is used to evaluate the contribution of glaciers to runoff and sea-level rise. The monitoring of glacier mass balance has been going on for more than 70 years. On the basis of the data of mass balance, equilibrium- line altitude, and accumulation area ratio published by the world glacier monitoring service (World Glacier Monitoring Service, WGMS), we choose 23 glaciers with long- term observation in the Arctic as the research objects to analyze the mass balance of glaciers and the relationship between mass balance and equilibrium-line altitude and accumulation area ratio. We found that the average thickness of Arctic glaciers decreased by 14.8 m during 1960-2017, with the smallest decrease in Russia, 4.3 m, and the largest in Alaska, 27.7 m; of the 23 glaciers, only the average mass balance of the Engabreen glacier was positive, the Kongsvegen glacier maintained a weak negative balance, and the mass balances of the other 21 glaciers were in a strong negative balance, indicating that the Arctic glaciers were in a strong negative balance. In the past 60 years, the mass balance of glaciers in the Arctic has shown a negative trend. From the late 1990s, glaciers began to melt faster, with a loss rate rising from -128.2 to -594 mm·a^-1. The mass balance negatively correlates with equilibrium-line altitude, with a positive correlation with the specific rate of accumulation area ratio. The increase in Arctic temperature is the main reason for the melting of glacial mass balance. The large increase of temperature in the 1990s resulted in the massive loss of glacial mass in the same period, and precipitation has little effect on the mass balance.

Key words: glacier change, mass balance, equilibrium-line altitude, Alpine Glacier, Arctic

王盼盼, 李忠勤, 王璞玉, 何海迪, 梁鹏斌, 牟建新. 北极山地冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(5): 1205-1214.

WANG Pan-pan, LI Zhong-qin, WANG Pu-yu, HE Hai-di, LIANG Peng-bin, MU Jian-xin. Changes in the mass balance of Arctic Alpine glacier and its response to climate change[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(5): 1205-1214.

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北极山地冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候的响应

Changes in the mass balance of Arctic Alpine glacier and its response to climate change

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