河西内陆河浅山区流域蒸散发估算及干旱特性研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示河西内陆河浅山区小流域的蒸散发及干旱特征，以敦煌西土沟流域为例，利用常规气象数据，通过Penman-Monteith公式计算西土沟流域8个观测站点的潜在蒸散发，再此基础上利用双作物系数法计算出各个观测站点的作物系数，由此计算出实际蒸散发，并计算了该流域的SPEI（标准化降水蒸散发指数）。结果表明：（1）西土沟流域年潜在蒸散发量和实际蒸散发量分别为978 mm、258 mm；上游到下游随海拔下降，潜在蒸散发和实际蒸散发随之呈现不同程度的上升趋势；（2）该流域下游干旱持续时间较长，整个生长季都会出现不同程度的干旱，秋季是干旱发生的主要季节；（3）流域上游的降水量大于实际蒸散发量，中下游实际蒸散发量大于降水量；（4）利用NDVI值计算的作物系数Kc值在实际蒸散发的估算中有较好的适用性，在内陆河浅山区小流域的干旱评估中，干旱指数SPEI比SPI（标准化降水指数）和PDSI（帕尔默干旱指数）指数更有优势。本研究计算出了西土沟流域的潜在和实际蒸散发，并评估了该流域的月尺度及季节尺度的干旱特征，为该流域特别是中下游的生产生活用水提供指导，并得到适用于整个河西内陆河浅山区无资料河流的普适性规律。

关键词: 河西内陆河, 蒸散发, 干旱指数, 西土沟流域

Abstract: In order to reveal the evapotranspiration and drought characteristics of typical small watershed in low coteau area of Hexi inland river in the arid regions of northwest China, the Xitugou watershed in Dunhuang is used as an example to calculate the potential evapotranspiration of eight observation sites by Penman-Monteith formula based on the conventional meteorological data. On this basis, the actual evapotranspiration of each observation station was calculated by using the method of dual crop coefficient, which was based on NDVI, and then the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index SPEI of the watershed was calculated. The results show that the annual potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration are 978 mm and 258 mm, respectively. From the upper reaches to the lower reaches, with the decrease of altitude, the evapotranspiration shows a different degree of increase; the duration of drought in the lower reaches of the basin is long, and the whole growth season will have different degrees of drought, autumn is the main season of drought; the precipitation in the upper reaches of the watershed is greater than the actual evapotranspiration, the actual evapotranspiration of middle and lower reaches is greater than precipitation; the Kc value of the crop coefficient calculated by the NDVI has good applicability in the estimation of actual evapotranspiration, and the drought index SPEI is more advantageous than SPI and PDSI in the drought assessment in the arid inland river basin of northwest in China. This study calculated the potential and actual evapotranspiration of the Xitugou watershed, evaluated the monthly and seasonal drought characteristics of the watershed, and provided guidance for the production and living water consumption of the watershed, especially in the middle and lower reaches. This research obtained the general disciplines to no data river in the low coteau area of the whole Hexi inland river.

Key words: Hexi inland rivers, evapotranspiration, drought index, Xitugou watershed

程文举, 席海洋, 司建华, 李爱林. 河西内陆河浅山区流域蒸散发估算及干旱特性研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(5): 1105-1115.

CHENG Wen-ju, XI Hai-yang, SI Jian-hua, LI Ai-lin. Study of evapotranspiration estimation and drought characteristics of watershed in low coteau area of Hexi inland river[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(5): 1105-1115.

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