基于图形学的致旱天气系统自动识别技术

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.03.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于图形学分析技术,采用追踪算法、矢量分析法,利用常规MICAPS数据、NECP逐日再分析资料和EC细网格资料,对我国西北地区致旱天气系统进行识别试验。通过试验,得到如下结论:① 依据天气学定义,利用追踪算法能够成功识别高空槽、高空脊等主要系统,并可得到其曲率特征;② 利用该方法识别天气尺度系统,系统中心识别率高达90%以上、平均误差小于0.5°,而高空槽识别准确率为74%～87%,平均识别误差为0.7°～1.4°。利用风场进行订正后,准确度明显提高、误差有所减小,基本可以满足干旱预测、预报业务需求。

关键词: 天气系统, 图形化, 自动识别, 追踪算法

Abstract: Based on the pattern recognition technique and weather systems which could cause drought were tested with tracking algorithm and vector analysis methods by using MICAPS,NCEP and EC-Thin data.The results showed that:① Synoptic scale troughs and ridges could be recognized with tracking algorithm,and their curvature characteristics could also be obtained; ② By using these methods,the recognition rates of pressure center could be as high as 90%,and the mean errors were lower than 0.5°.However,the recognition rates of troughs varied in a range of 74%-87%,and the mean errors in a range of 0.7°-1.4°.With revising the wind field,the accuracy was obviously improved,and the errors were reduced to some extent,which could basically meet the needs of predicting drought.

Key words: synoptic scale system, pattern recognition, auto-discrimination, tracking algorithm

邵建, 胡文东, 杨有林, 裴晓蓉, 郑鹏徽. 基于图形学的致旱天气系统自动识别技术[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 664-669.

SHAO Jian, HU Wen-dong, YANG You-lin, PEI Xiao-rong, ZHENG Peng-hui. Automatic Recognition Technology of Weather Systems Resulting in Drought Based on Graphics[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 664-669.

参考文献

[1] 尹文杰,张梦琳,胡立堂.柴达木盆地干旱时空变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):387-394.
[Yin Wenjie,Zhang MengLin,Hu Litang.Spatiotemporal variation of drought in the Qaidam Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):387-394.]
[2] 杨莲梅,关学锋,张迎新.亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):249-259.
[Yang Lianmei,Guan Xuefeng,Zhang Yinxing.Study on atmospheric circulation characteristics of precipitation anomalies in arid region of Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):249-259.]
[3] 王志杰,王新辉,旦木仁加甫,等.气候变化对台兰河年平均径流量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):125-130.
[Wang Zhijie,Wang Xinhui,Dan Murenjiapu,et al.Effect of climate change on annual runoff volume of the Tailan River [J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(1):125-130.]
[4] 陈伏龙,王怡璇,吴泽斌,等.气候变化和人类活动对干旱区内陆河径流量的影响——以新疆玛纳斯河流域肯斯瓦特水文站为例[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(4):692-697.
[Chen Fulong,Wang Yixuan,Wu Zebin,et al.Impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff of continental river in arid areas:Taking Kensiwate hydrological station in Xinjiang Manas River Basin as an example[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(4):692-697.]
[5] 王婷,石育中,刘倩,等.陇中半干旱区不同类型农户抗旱适应能力定量评价——以榆中县为例[J].干旱区研究,2018,35 (4):992-1000.
[Wang Ting,Shi Yuzhong,Liu Qian,et al.Quantitative evaluation of adaptive capacity to drought resistance of different types of farmers in semiarid area in central Gansu Province:A case study of Yuzhong County[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):992-1000.]
[6] 郑艺,张丽,周宇,等.1982—2012年全球干旱区植被变化及驱动因子分析[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):59-66.
[Zheng Yi,Zhang Li,Zhou Yu,et al.Vegetation change and its driving factors in global drylands during the period of 1982-2012[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):59-66.]
[7] 冉大川,姚文艺,焦鹏,等.黄河上游头道拐站年径流输沙系列突变点识别与综合诊断[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):928-936.
[Ran Dachuan,Yao Wenyi,Jiao Peng,et al.Identification and comprehensive diagnosis of sharp change of annual runoff volume and silt discharge series at Toudaoguai hydrometric station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(5):928-936.]
[8] 胡文东,赵光平,丁建军,等.宁夏短时强对流灾害性天气预报业务工作平台系统开发策略与技术措施[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):114-117.
[Hu Wendong,Zhao Guangping,Ding Jianjun,et al.Develop strategies and technical measures of short-term weather forecast operaional platform system in Ningxia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environgment,2006,20(6):114-117.]
[9] 邵建,胡文东,冯建民,等.基于图形分析的宁夏春季干旱监测预测方法研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):874-881.
[Shao Jian,Hu Wendong,Feng Jianmin,et al.Study on forecast method of drought monitoring in Ningxia in spring based on graph analysis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(3):874-881.]
[10] 潘东华,王静爱,王瑛,等.基于图层约束的自然灾害风险制图综合初探——以西北干旱区为例[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):13-19.
[Pan Donghua,Wang Jingai,Wang Ying,et al.Elementary study on natural disaster risk mapping generalization based on drawing-layer constraint:A case study in the arid regions in Northwest China[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(1):13-19.]
[11] 康志明,金荣花,鲍媛媛,等.基于TIGGE数据的我国寒潮自动识别预报方法[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(3):298-306.
[Kang Zhiming,Jin Ronghua,Bao Yuanyuan,et al.Automatic cold wave recognition and prediction method based on TIGGE data in China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2010,21(3):298-306.]
[12] 刘瑞文,曹晓岗,张延亭.基于强暴雨预报知识的机器学习尝试[J].气象,1989,15(11):34-37.
[Liu Ruiwen,Cao Xiaogang,Zhang Yanting.Machine learning attempt based on knowledge of strong rainstorm forecast[J].Meteorological Monthly,1989,15(11):34-37.]
[13] 龚亚欢,王超,胡晨.EAN-13码的图像识别系统设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2009(22):106-109.
[Gong Yahuan,Wang Chao,Hu Chen.Design and implement of image recognition system for EAN-13 code[J].Modern Electronic Technology,2009(22):106-109.]
[14] 赵青,唐英敏.基于图形识别的汉字笔画分类方法[J].计算机技术与发展,2009,10(10):14-17.
[Zhao Qing,Tang Yingmin.Shape recognition-based approach to Chinese character strokes’ classification[J].Computer Technology and Development,2009,10(10):14-17.]
[15] 赵巍,刘建红.基于图形识别的建筑图钢筋自动统计系统CSC[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,37(2):105-107.
[Zhao Wei,Liu Jianhong.CSC-An steel reinforcement calculation system of construction drawings based on graphics recognition[J].Computer Engineering and Application,2001,37(2):105-107.]
[16] 刘英,尚文利,张嘉易.工程图中明细表标题栏线框图形的智能识别[J].计算机工程,2011,37(9):207-209,212.
[Liu Ying,Shang Wenli,Zhang Jiayi.Intelligent recognition of frame graphic for title panel and title block in engineering drawing[J].Computer Engineering,2011,37(9):207-209,212.]
[17] 沈红雷.基于视觉的号码图像自动识别系统设计[J].信息系统工程,2009(12):86-88.
[Shen Honglei.Design of image automatic recognition system based on vision[J].Information Systems Engineering,2009(12):86-88.]
[18] 谭正华,王李管,毕林,等.参数曲线集复杂区域的全自动识别算法[J].计算机工程,2010,36(8):23-26.
[Tan Zhenghua,Wang Liguan,Bi Lin,et al.Automatic identification algorithm for complicated regions of parameterized curve set[J].Computer Engineeringt,2010,36(8):23-26.]
[19] 肖斌,黄襄念.一种快速图形识别算法[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(3):81-84.
[Xiao Bin,Huang Xiangnian.A fast graphic recognition algorithms[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science Edition),2008,27(3):81-84.]
[20] 宁慧,费建刚,李红宇.基于影子显示位图技术的GIS图形部分的实现[J].应用科技,2009,36(3):46-50.
[Ning Hui,Fei Jiangang,Li Hongyu.GIS implementation of graph part based on shadow display bitmap technology[J].Applied Technology,2009,36(3):46-50.]
[21] 肖岸纯,丁建军.AutoCAD图形识别系统的研究[J].湖北工学院学报,2004,19(2):48-50.
[Xiao Anchun,Ding Jianjun.Research on AutoCAD graphic recognition system[J].Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University,2004,19(2):48-50.]
[22] 虞丽生,章少华.利用图形识别模态参数法[J].杭州电子工业学院学报,1994,14(4):23-29.
[Yu Lisheng,Zhang Shaohua.A method of identifying modal parameters by graphs[J].Journal of Hangzhou Institute of Electronics Engineering,1994,14(4):23-29.]
[23] 冯益明,吴波,周娜,等.基于遥感影像识别的戈壁分类体系研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):635-641.
[Feng Yiming,Wu Bo,Zhou Na,et al.Gobi classification system based on remote sensing image recognition[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(3):635-641.]
[24] 罗敬宁,徐喆,亓永刚.基于风云三号卫星的全球沙尘遥感方法[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):690-698.
[Luo Jingning,Xu Zhe,Qi Yonggang.Global dust remote sensing with the Fengyun-3 satellite[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(3):690-698.]
[25] 段海霞,郭铌,霍文,等.GRAPES-SDM沙尘模式预报与卫星遥感监测结果对比[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1617-1623.
[Duan Haixia,Guo Ni,Huo Wen,et al.The comparison of the prediction efficiency of GRAPES-SDM dust-Storm model and the satellite remote sensing monitoring[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(6):1617-1623.]
[26] 胡文东,李艳春,郑广芬,等.宁夏干旱区强对流降水过程雷达图像纹理特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):331-336.
[Hu Wendong,Li Yanchun,Zheng Guangfen,et al.Texture analysis on weather radar images of severe convective precipitation in arid region of Ningixa[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(2):331-336.]
[27] 束宇,潘益农.红外云图上中尺度对流系统的自动识别[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):337-348.
[Shu Yu,Pan Yinong.Self-identification of mesoscale convective system from satellite infrared imagery[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2010,46(3):337-348.]
[28] 潘运红,章云,伍志方.基于浸水模拟改进算法的中气旋自动识别[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(21):171-198.
[Pan Yunhong,Zhang Yun,Wu Zhifang.Mesocyclone recognition based on new flooding algorithm[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2010,46(21):171-198.]
[29] 刘文泽.边界识别与计算机缩图[J].气象,1998,18(4):37-38,26.
[Liu Wenze.Boundary recognition and computer shrink graph[J].Meteorological Monthly,20,18(4):37-38,26.]
[30] 肖艳姣,刘黎平,李中华,等.雷达反射率因子数据中的亮带自动识别和抑制[J].高原气象,2010,29(1):197-205.
[Xiao Yanjiao,Liu Liping,Li Zhonghua,et al.Automatic recognition and removal of the bright band using radar reflectivity data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2010,29(1):197-205.]
[31] 鲁娟,张长江,张翔,等.利用边界特征自动识别台风云系[J].遥感学报,2010,14(5):990-1003.
[Lu Juan,Zhang Chang jiang,Zhang Xiang,et al.Auto-recognition of typhoon cloud based on boundary features[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,14(5):990-1003.]
[32] 岳平,刘晓云,郭良才,等.纹理分析法识别静止卫星红外云图和监测汛期强对流天气系统[J].干旱气象,2005,23(2):50-53,63.
[Yue Ping,Liu Xiaoyun,Guo Liangcai,et al.Identification of geostationary satellite infrared cloud image and monitoring of strong convective weather system in flood season by texture analysis[J].Arid Meteorology,2005,23(2):50-53,63.]
[33] 张丰启.东北冷涡特征及其关键区的计算机识别[J].气象,2001,27(9):46-49.
[Zhang Fengqi.Computer recognition of northeast cold vortex[J].Meteorological Monthly,2001,27(9):46-49.]
[34] 袁美英,徐南平,于振东.高低压中心、槽线识别的初步试验[J].气象,1994,20(6):15-19.
[Yuan Meiying,Xu Nanping,Yu Zhendong.A Test of recognition of centers of high and low pressure and trough-line[J].Meteorological Monthly,1994,20(6):15-19.]
[35] 胡文东,赵光平,陈晓光,等.高空基本天气系统类别自动识别与沙尘暴系统识别试验[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):633-638.
[Hu Wendong,Zhao Guangping,Chen Xiaoguang,et al.Auto-diagnosis on primary weather systems aloft and test on sandstorm [J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(4):633-638.]
[36] 胡文东,黄小玉,赵光平,等.高空基本影响天气系统定量化自动分析研究[J].气象,2008,34(6):107-111.
[Hu Wendong,Huang Xiaoyu,Zhao Guangping,et al.Study on quantitative auto-analysis of upper air primary weather system[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(6):107-111.]
[37] 王新芝,陈必云.高空天气图自动分析系统[J].南京气象学院学报,1994,17(4):477-481.
[Wang Xinzhi,Chen Biyun.Bkief description of an upper air weather map automatic analytic system[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,1994,17(4):477-481.]
[38] 邹文楠,赵勇,董荭.基于流线分析的涡旋识别[J].中国科技论文在线,2008,1(9):1021-1029.
[Zou Wennan,Zhao Yong,Dong Hong.Vortex recognition based on streamline analysis[J].Science Paper Online,2008,1(9):1021-1029.]
[39] 李永尧,郑陈婷,王晓明.基于数字图像的天气系统识别[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(2):24-27.
[Li Yongyao,Zheng Chenting,Wang Xiaoming.Digital image based weather system recognition[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2009,25(2):24-27.]
[40] 李振海.计算机天气图图形识别[J].气象,1994,20(6):20-23.
[Li Zhenhai.Graphic distinguishment on meteorogram with computer[J].Meteorological Monthly,1994,20(6):20-23.]
[41] 邵建.宁夏暴雨特征及客观预报方法研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.
[Shaojian.A Study on Rainstorm and Its Objective Forecasting Methods in Ningxia Area[J].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.]
[42] 中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 20481-2006.气象干旱等级[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[Natuibak Stabdard if Oeioke’s Republic of China GB/T 20481-2006.The Grade of Meteorological Drought[M].Beijing:China Standard Press,2006.]
[43] 卜玉康,曹杰.天气动力学[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:145-168.
[Pu Yukang,Cao Jie.Synoptic Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007:145-168.]
[44] 朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文.天气学原理与方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:108-122.
[Zhu Qiangen,Lin Jinrui,Shou Shaowen.Synoptic Principles and Methods[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007:108-122.]
[45] 丁一汇.高等天气学[M].北京:气象出版社,2008:82-93,150-162.
[Ding Yihui.Higher Synoptic Meteorology[M].BeiJing:China Meteorological Press,2008:82-93,150-162.]