近54 a中国西北地区来气温和降水的时空变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用中国西北地区1961—2014年191个台站的逐月气温和降水资料，通过线性倾向估计、滑动平均、累积距平、IDW（反距离空间插值）等方法，研究了西北地区气温和降水的时空变化特征。结果表明：近54 a西北地区平均气温呈波动上升趋势，其中冬季的增温速率最大，极端最高、最低气温均呈上升趋势。来降水量也呈上升趋势，尤其是近几年上升速度较快。降水主要集中在夏季，进入21世纪后冬季降水增加。多年平均气温较高区域集中在南疆地区、祁连山东南部，其中升温较明显区域集中在准噶尔盆地和天山地区西南部分地区。降水量表现出东多西少的特征，降水量较多区域集中在祁连山东南部，降水量较少区域集中在南疆地区，其中降水增加较明显区域集中在北疆地区、塔里木盆地的西部地区。从西北地区近54a气温和降水的时空变化可以看出，西北地区有向暖湿转变的趋势。

关键词: 气温, 降水量, 气候变化, 时空特征, 西北地区

Abstract: Based on the data of temperature and precipitation observation collected from 191 surface meteorological stations in Northwest from 1961 to 2014，using many methods such as linear trend, running means, the accumulative anomalies and IDW to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature and precipitation of Northwestern China. The results showed that the average temperature appears rising trend and the rate of rise is most significant in winter. The trend of maximum temperature extremes and minimum temperature extremes are the same as average temperature which are manifesting rising trend. The amount of precipitation also increasing and the trend is more significant in recent years. Precipitation mainly occurs in summer ，in particular ，the winter rainfall has been increasing rapidly since enter into 21^st century. The high annual temperature is concentrated on southern Xin Jiang，southeast of Qilian Mountains .What’s more，the most significant warming areas are located in Junggar Basin and the southwest of Tian Shan . Precipitation showed a decreasing trend from east to west. Abundant precipitation concentrate on the northeastern Qilian Mountains while there is little precipitation in the South Xinjiang and the western Tarim Basin and north Xin Jiang are the most significant wetter areas. From the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature and precipitation, the northwest of china is translating into warm and wet.

Key words: Temperature, Precipitation, Characteristics of climate change, temporal and spatial

商沙沙, 廉丽姝, 马婷, 张琨, 韩拓. 近54 a中国西北地区来气温和降水的时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(01): 68-76.

SHANG Sha-Sha, LIAN Li-Shu, MA Ting, ZHANG Kun, HAN Tuo. The temporal and spatial characteristics of Temperature and Precipitation in Northwestern China in Recent 54 Years[J]. , 2018, 35(01): 68-76.

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