土壤侵蚀对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2014.04.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀环境下4种典型坡面上坡顶、坡肩、坡背、坡脚和坡趾5个不同地形部位¹³⁷Cs的含量、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物指标的测定和分析。结果表明:用来表征土壤侵蚀程度的¹³⁷Cs含量与土壤有机碳、全氮、土壤容重、电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性及细菌菌群之间均存在显著的回归关系,土壤有机碳、全氮及土壤容重随着¹³⁷Cs含量的增加呈增加趋势,土壤电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性呈下降趋势,而土壤细菌呈先下降后增加的趋势。土壤侵蚀过程能够直接影响土壤养分在坡面上的空间分布及土壤结构,通过影响土壤性质,改变土壤微生物群落的生长环境和营养物质的含量,从而影响土壤微生物的生长。

关键词: 土壤侵蚀, 土壤理化性质, 土壤微生物, 土壤养分, ¹³⁷Cs含量, 黄土高原

Abstract: Soil erosion is a serious problem in the Loess Plateau. It reduces soil productivity, causes irreversible soil and soil nutrient loss. Although many studies about the effects of soil erosion on soil nutrients, sediments and runoff have been done, the quantificational research on the relationship between soil erosion and soil nutrients, especially with soil microorganisms, was limited. In this study, the ¹³⁷Cs tracer method was used to research the relationship between soil erosion with soil physicochemical properties and soil microorganisms in erosion environment in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau. The experiment was conducted in the Yangjuangou Valley located near Yan’an City in north Shaanxi Province, China. Four typical hill slopes including F (artificial forest), G (grass), G-F-G (grass on upper and lower slopes and artificial forest on middle slope) and F-G-F (artificial forest on upper and lower slopes and grass on middle slope) were chosen. On each of the four slopes, soil sampling sites were distributed on the summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope and toeslope along the hill-slopes. Soil samples were collected in August 2007 for analyzing of the concentration of ¹³⁷Cs which could indicate soil erosion degree, soil physicochemical properties including the soil organic carbon content, total soil nitrogen content, soil bulk density, electrical conductivity, pH value, soil water content and soil microbial properties including soil microbial carbon, soil microbial functional diversity and soil microbial community structure. The results showed that the concentration of ¹³⁷Cs varied significantly between different slope positions, and the distribution of ¹³⁷Cs along hill-slope was different under four vegetation patterns. There was a significant regression relationship among soil organic carbon content, total soil nitrogen content, soil bulk density, electrical conductivity and ¹³⁷Cs concentration.Soil organic carbon content, total soil nitrogen content and bulk density were increased with the increase of ¹³⁷Cs concentration but the decrease of electrical conductivity. There was no significant correlation between the soil water content and pH value and the concentration of ¹³⁷Cs. There was no direct impact of soil erosion on soil microbial biomass and neither the significant relationship between ¹³⁷Cs concentration and soil microbial biomass. However, the regression analysis indicated that soil erosion could affect significantly soil microbial diversity and soil microbial community. Soil microbial functional diversity was decreased, and soil bacterial biomass was decreased at first and then increased with the increase of ¹³⁷Cs concentration. In conclusion, soil erosion could directly impact the distribution of soil nutrients and soil structure on slope.

Key words: soil erosion, soil physicochemical property, soil microbe, soil nutrient, ¹³⁷Cs concentration, Loess Plateau

胡婵娟, 刘国华, 郭雷, 刘宇. 土壤侵蚀对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2014, 31(4): 702-708.

HU Chan-juan, LIU Guo-hua, GUO Lei, LIU Yu. Effects of Soil Erosion on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Microorganisms[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2014, 31(4): 702-708.

参考文献

〔1〕刘国华,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.中国生态退化的主要类型、特征及分布〔J〕.生态学报,2000,20(1):13-19.〔Liu Guohua,Fu Bojie,Chen Liding,et al.Characteristics and distributions of degraded ecological types in China〔J〕.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(1):13-19.〕
〔2〕 Fernandez C,Vega J A,Fonturbel T.Runoff and soil erosion after rainfall simulations in burned soils〔J〕.Forest Ecology and Management,2006,234:180-207.
〔3〕贾锐鱼,赵晓光,杜翠萍.黄土高原南部水土流失降低土壤生产力的评价〔J〕.西北林学院学报,2004,19(3):77-81.〔Jia Yueyu,Zhao Xiaoguang,Du Cuiping.Evaluation on productivity decreased by soil and water loss in the southern Loess Plateau〔J〕.Journal of Northwest Forestry College,2004,19(3):77-81.〕
〔4〕李光录,赵晓光,吴发启,等.水土流失对土壤养分的影响研究〔J〕.西北林学院学报,1995,10(增刊):28-33.〔Li Guanglu,Zhao Xiaoguang,Wu Faqi,et al.The effects of soil and water loss on soil nutrients〔J〕.Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1995,10(Suppl.):28-33.〕
〔5〕董广辉,夏正楷.土壤侵蚀与土壤肥力〔J〕.水土保持研究,2003,10(3):80-82.〔Dong Guanghui,Xia Zhengkai.Soil erosion and soil fertility〔J〕.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(3):80-82.〕
〔6〕 Zheng F L,He X B,Gao X T,et al.Effects of erosion patterns on nutrient loss following deforestation on the Loess Plateau of China〔J〕.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,108:85-97.
〔7〕 Lal R.Soil erosion and carbon dynamics〔J〕.Soil and Tillage Reseach,2005,81:137-142.
〔8〕 Li Y,Zhang Q W,Reicosky D C,et al.Using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex for quantifying soil organic carbon redistribution affected by intensive tillage on steep slopes〔J〕.Soil and Tillage Research,2006,86:176-184.
〔9〕华珞,张志刚,冯琰,等.用¹³⁷Cs示综法研究密云水库周边土壤侵蚀与氮磷流失〔J〕.农业工程学报,2006,22(1):73-78.〔Hua Luo,Zhang Zhigang,Feng Yan,et al.Soil erosion and losses of nitrogen and phosphorus by using ¹³⁷Cs tracer in the areas around Miyun reservoir〔J〕.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(1):73-78.〕
〔10〕傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响:以延安市羊圈沟流域为例〔J〕.地理学报,1999,54(3):241-246.〔Fu Bojie,Chen Liding,Ma Keming.The effect of land use change on the regional environment in the Yangjuangou catchment in the Loess Plateau of China〔J〕.Acta Geographica Sinica,1999,54(3):241-246.〕
〔11〕张信宝,Higgitt D L,Walling D E.¹³⁷Cs法测算黄土高原土壤侵蚀速率的初步研究〔J〕.地球化学,1991(3):212-218.〔Zhang Xinbao,Higgitt D L,Walling D E.A preliminary assessment of the potential to use ¹³⁷Cs to estimate the rates of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China〔J〕.Geochimica,1991(3):212-218.〕
〔12〕鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法〔M〕.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.〔Lu Rukun.Analytical Methods for Soil and Agricultural Chemistry〔M〕.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,1999.〕
〔13〕Wu J,Joergensen R G,Pommerening B,et al.Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation-extraction-an automated procedure〔J〕.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1990,22:1 167-1 169.
〔14〕Zak J C,Willig M R,Mooread D L,et al.Functional diversity of microbial communities:A quantitative approach〔J〕.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26:1 101-1 108.
〔15〕Staddon W J,Duchesne L C,Trevors J T.Impact of clear-cutting and prescribed burning on microbial diversity and community structure in Jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb.)clear-cut using Biolog TM Gram-Negative microplates〔J〕.World Journal of Microbialogy and Biotechnology,1998,14:119-123.
〔16〕Schutter M,Dick R.Shifts in substrate utilization potential and structure of soil microbial communities in response to carbon substrates〔J〕.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,36:1 596-1 576.
〔17〕Frostegård A,Tunlid A,Baath E.Phospholipid fatty acid composition,biomass and activity of microbial communities from two soil types experimentally exposed to different heavy metals〔J〕.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59:3 605-3 617.
〔18〕Frostegård A,Bååth E.The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil〔J〕.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22:59-65.
〔19〕Bajracharya R M,Lal R,Kimble J M.Erosion effects on carbon dioxide concentration and carbon flux from an Ohio Alfisol〔J〕.Soil Science Society of America,2000,64:694-700.
〔20〕Lal R.Soil erosion and the global carbon budget〔J〕.Environment International,2003,29:437-450.
〔21〕胡婵娟,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度上微生物的空间分布规律〔J〕.水土保持学报,2009,23(3):164-168.〔Hu Chanjuan,Fu Bojie,Liu Guohua,et al.Distribution of soil microbe on hill slope scale on the hilly area of the Loess Plateau〔J〕.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(3):164-168.〕
〔22〕Hu C J,Fu B J,Liu G H,et al.Vegetation patterns influence on soil microbial biomass and functional diversity in a hilly area of the Loess Plateau,China〔J〕.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10:1 082-1 091.
〔23〕牛世权,杨婷婷,李君锋,等.盐碱土微生物功能群季节动态与土壤理化因子的关系〔J〕.干旱区研究,2011,28(2):328-334.〔Niu Shiquan,Yang Tingting,Li Junfeng,et al.Seasonal trends of microbial functional groups in saline-alkali soil and their relationship with soil physicochemical factors in the east Hexi Corridor〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2011,28(2):328-334.〕
〔24〕Lupwayi N Z,Rice W A,Clayton G W.Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation〔J〕.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30:1 733-1 741.
〔25〕Giller P S.The diversity of soil communities,the “poor man’s tropical forest”〔J〕.Biodiversity and Conservation,1996,5:135-168.

[1]	杜俊, 李广, 杜梦寅, 姚瑶, 马维伟, 袁建钰. 黄土高原不同土地利用方式对土壤N₂O通量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(6): 1043-1054.
[2]	成艳琳, 王家源, 高广磊, 丁国栋, 张英, 赵珮杉, 朱宾宾. 呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林土壤和根内真菌泛化种和特化种结构与功能特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(6): 1055-1066.
[3]	安彬, 陈文靖, 肖薇薇. 气候变暖背景下黄土高原≥0 ℃和≥10 ℃积温时空变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(6): 981-992.
[4]	张佳凝, 张建军, 赖宗锐, 赵炯昌, 胡亚伟, 李阳, 卫朝阳. 林分密度对刺槐人工林土壤养分和微生物群落的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(2): 274-288.
[5]	陈凯, 张祎, 王兴, 刘晓君, 胡仁正, 雷雪怡, 范清华. 宁南山区坡面与覆被特征对侵蚀水动力及产沙过程的耦合影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 2044-2057.
[6]	王理德, 李浩, 何静, 陈思航, 王景瑞, 李诗涵, 司静怡. 人工沙棘林地物种多样性及土壤养分变化——以双龙沟矸石山为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 2071-2082.
[7]	邱春霞, 刘晓宏, 李豆, 张佳淼, 李朋飞. 机载LiDAR和模糊推理系统在黄土高原土壤侵蚀监测中的应用[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(8): 1331-1342.
[8]	毛光锐, 赵锦梅, 朱恭, 崔海明, 刘万智. 黄土高原高速公路边坡草本群落植被特征及其与土壤的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 788-796.
[9]	王鑫盈, 马超, 吕立群, 张岩. 黄土高原不同土地利用类型区浅层滑坡侵蚀特征分析——以蔡家川滑坡事件为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(4): 697-705.
[10]	杜华栋, 刘研, 毕银丽, 车旭曦, 拜梦童. 干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤性状及真菌群落变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 421-431.
[11]	安宁, 郭彬, 张东梅, 杨淇越, 罗维成. 河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 432-443.
[12]	白丽丽, 王文颖, 德却拉姆, 刘艳方, 邓艳芳. 祁连山典型植被土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征的垂直变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 444-455.
[13]	吴玮婷, 王雨, 高广磊, 张英, 丁国栋, 曹红雨. 土壤微生物膜对沙生植物幼苗光合和荧光特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(2): 272-283.
[14]	温淼, 冒辛平, 杨捷钧, 孙嘉忆, 吴旭东, 韩凤朋. 荒漠草原自然和人工植被土壤养分及氮循环功能基因丰度特征研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(12): 2027-2034.
[15]	张久丹, 张爱国, 靳镜宇, 刘帅琪, 吴瀚, 李均力. 哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1864-1874.